100 g of water at 5 degrees celsius is added to a coffee cup containing 400 g of water at 45 degrees celsius. What is the final temperature of the system? Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings and that the specific heat capacity of liquid water si 4.184 J/C•g.

Please show all work on how to solve the following problem, as well as rationale behind your answer. Thank you

Compile a cash budget with the following budget:

Sales forecasts:

January R4 000 000

February R5 000 000

March R3 000 000

April R2 000 000

May R3 500 000

June R4 500 000

Credit sales are as follows:

.30% of sales are done in cash and the remainder on credit

.10% during the month of sale

.40% during the first month after the month of sale

The remainder is collected during the second month after the month of sale

Purchases amount to 60% of the sales value per month. All purchases are on credit and are paid as follows:

.30% one month after the purchase took place

.The remainder , the second month after the purchase took place…

Budget reflected R200 000 000 expenditure for the month of June. Balance brought down to R5 000 000 for March. A recommended minimum cash balance of R4 000 000 was maintained.

Guidelines for assignment

 This is an individual assignment, no group work or collaboration is allowed.

 Ground your answer in relevant theory

 Plagiarism and reproduction of someone else’s work as your own will be penalized

 Make use of references, where appropriate – Use Harvard or APA referencing method.

 Structural elements should include an introduction, main body, and a conclusion

 Weight – 50%

 Word count guidance: 2000 words

 Type of assignment: Business Report

 Start / Finish : Week 4-5

 Learning Outcome Assessed: 1,2,3,4,5

Part 1

The directors of M &R plc wish to expand the company’s operations. However, they are not prepared to borrow at the present time to finance capital investment. The directors have therefore decided to use the company’s cash resources for the expansion programme.

Three possible investment opportunities have been identified. Only £600,000 is available in cash and the directors intend to limit the capital expenditure over the next 12 months to this amount. The projects are not divisible and none of them can be postponed. The following cash flows do not allow for inflation, which is expected

to be 12% per annum constant for the foreseeable future.

Expected net cash flows (including residual values)

Initial investment

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Project

£

£

£

£

A

-310,000

96,000

113,000

210,000

B

-115,000

45,000

42,000

47,000

C

-36,000

-41,000

-23,000

127,000

The company’s shareholders currently require a return of 16 per cent nominal on their investment. Ignore taxation.

Required

a) Explain how inflation affects the rate of return required on an investment project, and the distinction between a real and a nominal approach to the evaluation of an investment project under inflation.

(7 marks)

b)

I. Calculate the expected net present value and profitability indexes of the three projects; and

II. Comment on which project(s) should be chosen for the investment, assuming the company can invest surplus cash in the money market at 10 per cent.

(15 marks)

c) Discuss whether the company’s decision not to borrow, thereby limiting investment expenditure, is in the best interests of its shareholders.

(8 marks)

True/False and Multiple Choice Questions and Short Answers (20 marks, 1 mark each)

Please attempt all answers. The questions for this part of the assignment are to be included in your document with Part 1.

True/False:

Q1. At some level, an additional increase in the size of the firm’s total capital budget may lead to a decrease in the NPVs of all the investments being considered.

Q2. Sole proprietorship is an owner’s only business.

Q3. The main function of the capital budget is to forecast the funds needed for future investments that must be raised through external funding, that is, by selling stock or bonds.

Q4. When a project’s NPV exceeds the project’s IRR, then the project should be accepted.

Q5. When examining two mutually exclusive projects, the financial manager should always select that project whose internal rate of return is the highest provided the projects have the same initial cost.

Multiple Choice

Q6. Which of the following is correct? With regard to information, a central idea of fairness suggests that

a) outsiders should not be allowed to trade since, by definition, they are at a disadvantage.

b) insiders should never be able to trade.

c) decisions should be made on an even playing field.

d) insiders should be able to trade whenever they want.

Q7. Identify which of the following capital budgeting methods might not consider the salvage value of a machine being considered for purchase?

a. Internal rate of return.

b. Net present value.

c. Payback.

d. Discounted payback.

e. Answers c and d are both correct.

Q8. When the calculated NPV is negative, then which of the following must be true? The discount rate used is

a. Equal to the internal rate of return.

b. Too high.

c. Greater than the internal rate of return.

d. Too low.

e. Less than the internal rate of return

Q9. Which of the following indices is not a broad market average index?

a) CAC-40

b) DAX

c) FTSE 100

d) Amex Oil Index

Q10. Use the following table to calculate the expected return for the asset.

Return

Probability

0.10

0.25

0.20

0.50

0.25

0.25

What is the asset’s expected return? a) 20.00%

b) 18.75%

c) 17.50%

d) 15.00%

e)

www.ucpmarjononline.co.uk

Q11. Evaluate the two mutually exclusive capital budgeting projects that have the following characteristics:

Cash Flows

Year

Project Q

Project R

0

$(4,000)

$(4,000)

1

0

3,500

2

5,000

1,100

IRR

11.8%

12.0%

If the firm’s required rate of return (k) is 10 percent, which project should be purchased?

a. Both projects should be purchased, because the IRRs for both projects exceed the firm’s required rate of return.

b. Neither project should be accepted, because the IRRs for both projects exceed the firm’s required rate of return.

c. Project Q should be accepted, because its net present value (NPV) is higher than Project R’s NPV.

d. Project R should be accepted, because its net present value (NPV) is higher than Project Q’s NPV.

e. None of the above is a correct answer.

Q12. Which of the following statements is false?

a. The NPV will be positive if the IRR is less than the required rate of return.

b. If the multiple IRR problem does not exist, any independent project acceptable by the NPV method will also be acceptable by the IRR method.

c. When IRR = k (the required rate of return), NPV = 0.

d. The IRR can be positive even if the NPV is negative.

e. The NPV method is not affected by the multiple IRR problem

Q13. Two projects being considered are mutually exclusive and have the following cash flows:

Year

Project A

Project B

0

-$50,000

-$50,000

1

15,625

0

2

15,625

0

3

15,625

0

4

15,625

0

5

15,625

99,500

If the required rate of return on these projects is 10 percent, which would be chosen and why?

a. Project B because of higher NPV.

b. Project B because of higher IRR.

c. Project A because of higher NPV.

d. Project A because of higher IRR.

e. Neither, because both have IRRs less than the cost of capital.

Q14. Which of the following is correct? In computing the NPV of a capital budgeting project, one should NOT

a) estimate the cost of the project.

b) ignore the salvage value.

c) make a decision based on the project’s NPV.

d) discount the future cash flows over the project’s expected life.

Q15. Which of the following is most correct? The modified IRR (MIRR) method:

a. Always leads to the same ranking decision as NPV for independent projects.

b. Overcomes the problem of multiple rates of return.

c. Compounds cash flows at the required rate of return.

d. Overcomes the problem of cash flow timing and the problem of project size that leads to criticism of the regular IRR method.

e. Answers b and c are both correct.

Q16. Which of the following is correct? Disadvantages of the payback method include the following.

a) It ignores the time value of money.

b) It is inconsistent with the goal of maximising shareholder wealth.

c) It ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.

d) All of these.

Q17. Which one of the following statements about IRR is NOT true?

a) The IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV greater than zero.

b) The IRR is a discounted cash flow method.

c) The IRR is an expected rate of return.

d) None of these.

Q18. Which of the following is correct? When estimating the cost of debt capital for the firm we are primarily interested in

a) the cost of short-term debt.

b) the cost of long-term debt.

c) the coupon rate of the debt.

d) None of these.

Q19 A corporation has been presented with an investment opportunity which will yield cash flows of

$30,000 per year in Years 1 through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and $40,000 in Year10. This investment will cost the firm $150,000 today, and the firm’s required rate of return is 10 percent. Assume cash flows occur evenly during the year, 1/365th each day. What is the payback period for this investment?

a. 5.23 years

b. 4.86 years

c. 4.00 years

d. 6.12 years

e. 4.35 years

Q20. Which of the following is correct? Disadvantages of going public include all EXCEPT

a) The transparency that results from this compliance can be costly for some firms.

b) The costs of complying with ongoing listing and disclosure requirements.

c) The high cost of the IPO itself.

d) Managers’ tendency to focus on long-term profits.

Tailor​ Johnson, a U.S. maker of fine​ menswear, has a subsidiary in Ethiopia. This​ year, the subsidiary reported and repatriated earnings before interest and taxes​ (EBIT) of 228 million Ethiopian birrs. The current exchange rate is 7.0669 ​birrs/dollar or Upper S equals $ 0.1415 divided by birr. The Ethiopian tax rate on this activity is 22 %. U.S. tax law requires Tailor Johnson to pay taxes on the Ethiopian earnings at the same rate as on profits earned in the United​ States, which is currently 42 %. ​However, the United States gives a full tax credit for foreign taxes paid up to the amount of the U.S. tax liability. What is Tailor​ Johnson’s U.S. tax liability on its Ethiopian​ subsidiary?

Petron​ Corporation’s management team is meeting to decide on a new corporate strategy. There are four​ options, each with a different probability of success and total firm value in the event of​ success, as shown​ here: LOADING…. Assume that for each​ strategy, firm value is zero in the event of failure.​ Also, suppose Petron Corp. must pay a 25 % tax rate on the amount of the final payoff that is paid to equity holders. It pays no tax on payments​ to, or capital raised​ from, debt holders.

a. Which strategy will Petron choose with no​ debt? Which will it choose with a face value of $ 10 ​million, $ 32 ​million, or $ 54 million in​ debt? (Assume management maximizes the value of​ equity, and in the case of​ ties, will choose the safer​ strategy.)

b. Given your answer to ​(a​), show that the total combined value of​ Petron’s equity and debt is maximized with a face value of $ 54 million in debt.

c. Show that if Petron has $ 32 million in debt​ outstanding, shareholders can gain by increasing the face value of debt to $ 54 ​million, even though this will reduce the total value of the firm.

d. Show that if Petron has $ 54 million in debt​ outstanding, shareholders will lose by buying back debt to reduce the face value of debt to $ 32 ​million, even though that will increase the total value of the firm.