5 one-page responses regarding American a government

Please answer each essay with a minimum one page response utilizing our class materials and outside sources as necessary. Also, make sure that you cite in paper whatever sources you use within the essays and at the end of each essay, include a reference page. Cover sheet, bibliography at the end. APA format.

1.The Fourteenth Amendment is implicated in every case in which the Supreme Court is asked to determine whether a state has violated the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, or Eighth Amendment. In short, the Fourteenth Amendment is featured in the panorama of cases concerning the protection of individual rights against infringement by the states. Please choose two such cases heard by the Supreme Court and discuss the court’s decision based off of the original petition.
2.What is the Thirteenth Amendment and what ramifications did this have on the United States at the time and later in the future?
3.Although much has changed, women still are facing pervasive discrimination in education, employment, and the political arena. Discuss what provisions the Constitution has provided to prevent this from occurring and account for the reasoning behind why it might still occur today.
4.Does Congress, by micromanaging the conduct of U.S. foreign policy, weaken the president’s authority in the international diplomatic arena? Please justify your argument with examples and legitimate documentation of said examples.
5.Explain the differences between judicial “activism” and “restraint”.